Impact of the Redheaded Pine Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) on Young Red Pine Plantations

The ecology of the redheaded pine sawfly was studied relative to its impact on red pine plantations. An ecological model, which formed the basis for socioeconomic analysis, was constructed. Because the sawfly prefers trees under moisture stress, damage is most severe in stands growing on sand blows, where there is competition for moisture from bracken fern and hardwoods, and where soils are too moist, too shallow, or too compacted. Outbreaks also appear to be related to dry years. The sawfly has a variable impact on multiple-use values. Because it injures the least productive trees in a stand, timber is only indirectly affected. Small openings created by tree mortality after an outbreak may provide edge \u27Wildlife habitat. The sawfly has both negative and positive effects on recreationists, depending upon the type of recreation; it may be a nuisance to campers, but may positively influence hunting. Preventive sawfly management involves proper site selection for red pine

Software review: Novell DOS 7

The claims that DOS is dead, like those regarding the health of COBOL, are still premature but gaining credence. Still, criticisms of DOS remain and are warranted

Software review: OS/2 2.0

Since I don\u27t write advertising copy, what you read here may be different from what the few others who do write about IBM\u27s new operating system OS/2 have had to say. You may have noticed that more ink has been devoted to an operating system, IH leave it unnamed, that has yet to be retailed than to OS/2 which has been on the desk for more than a year

Software review: Atlas *018

Atlas*015 (AGIS) from Strategic Mapping Inc., is more than a sophisticated graphical database or mapping program for the personal computer. It is software that performs complex spatial analyses of data within a geographical framework. A geographic information system (CIS), gives the user the ability to associate virtually any event or transaction with a geographic location. From there sophisticated analyses of your data can be conducted. GISs go far beyond the more common thematic mapping programs

A contrarian\u27s twenty questions

One might begin to think the art of the university is being lost also. Since the traditional university has focused on education as distinct from training, we might consider if this movement toward Web-based courses is consistent with that tradition

Damage tolerant composite wing panels for transport aircraft

Commercial aircraft advanced composite wing surface panels were tested for durability and damage tolerance. The wing of a fuel-efficient, 200-passenger airplane for 1990 delivery was sized using grahite-epoxy materials. The damage tolerance program was structured to allow a systematic progression from material evaluations to the optimized large panel verification tests. The program included coupon testing to evaluate toughened material systems, static and fatigue tests of compression coupons with varying amounts of impact damage, element tests of three-stiffener panels to evaluate upper wing panel design concepts, and the wing structure damage environment was studied. A series of technology demonstration tests of large compression panels is performed. A repair investigation is included in the final large panel test

Raising Revenues for Charity: Auctions versus Lotteries

We report an experiment conducted to gain insight into factors that may affect revenues in English auctions and lotteries, two commonly used charity fund-raising formats. In particular, we examine how changes in the marginal per capita return (MPCR) from the public component of bidding, and how changes in the distribution of values affect the revenue properties of each format. Although we observe some predicted comparative static effects, the dominant result is that lottery revenues uniformly exceed English auction revenues. The similarity of lottery and English auction bids across sales formats appears to drive the excess lottery revenues.auctions, lotteries, charitable giving, experimental tests